A substantial portion of most translation is fairly clear-cut. "Zimbabwe" is pretty much always "Zimbabwe" and "cinque" is usually "five". Then, there's the rest of the text that takes extra thought, creativity and research. If I write "gastronomy", will English-speaking readers imagine "gastrointestinal disorders" rather than fine food? What is the English title of the movie starring Winona Ryder rendered in Italian as Young, Cute, and Unemployed? [Reality Bites]. When they say gadget in Italian, is it still "gadget" in English, or some new mongrel word?
Some well-loved phrases pop up in every other Italian document and have no clean, catch-all English translation. Take, for instance, vero e proprio(literal: "true and really"; non-literal: see table below). Each context calls for a fresh translation. These are some recurring sticking points that make Italian-to-English translators worldwide screw up their faces and pull out an eyebrow hair or two. Unhappy with my cache of possible solutions to some of these common problems, I turned to my colleagues on the IT-EN list, generous, seasoned professionals. Together, we came up with suggestions to these sticking points.
The driving force behind translator decisions is always context, from that of the society at large to that of the sentence. Many of the words and phrases below, especially those not nouns and adjectives, are often absorbed into reworked sentences or paragraphs that could not be represented here. The main intent of the table is to inspire context-appropriate, new solutions.
This is an ongoing project. To expand your mind or save you some hand-wringing, the current table can be found below. Please email me if you have any suggestions, new solutions or new pet peskies.
Pesky words |
Possible solutions |
a fronte di |
in spite of, compared to, while, although, notwithstanding, in light of, in the face of, faced with, confronting, related to, for, against, over, with |
accorgimento |
details, stratagem, devices, special solutions were devised to, special care was taken in, careful attention, special elements, special techniques, special consideration, design feature, technique, tricks of the trade, style touches, technological touches, [positive adjective, e.g. "elegant" with insight/touch/feature, etc.], approach, contrivances, strategies, considerations, tactics, shrewd application of, contrivance, ploy, ruse, special expedient |
all'avanguardia |
leading-edge, cutting-edge, state-of-the-art, hi-tech, up-to-the-minute, groundbreaking, at the forefront |
all'insegna di |
marked by, characterized by, of, featuring, full of, that are all about, in an atmosphere of |
ambito |
sphere, realm, context, within, domain, area, scope, in terms of, with a view to, will also include, for that purpose/on that occasion, as part of, as far as the ... is concerned/with regard to, through/by, in the case of, in the ___ place, within the scope/according to, in their sphere of activity, purview, within the framework of, for the purposes of, extent, range, compass, field, as part of, in the context of, in, environment, circle, ambit, confines, region, area, orbit, province |
anche |
not only... but also, [ignore], ".....including", [explicitly state the options that "anche" implies, if known. e.g. "Pizza anche a mezzogiorno!" "Pizza for lunch and dinner"], that include, that also include |
anche perché |
partly due to, due in part to, in part because |
arricchire |
enhanced, adds a further dimension, additional highlight/feature/benefit/strong point, lift [wine], round off, complete, complement, integrate, lend resonance/vibrancy, expanded, added attraction, round out, enliven, punctuate |
articolazione |
structure, layout, complexity [wine], configuration |
artigiano (artigianale, etc.) |
small-business, craftsman, amateur, traditional, small-scale, local, small and medium-sized enterprises, hand-crafted |
basta pensare a |
such as, for example, as can be seen in, such as we find in, a classic/prime example being, consider |
caratteristico |
charming, enchanting, delightful, trademark, hallmark, signature, distinctive, picturesque, eye-catching, attractive |
coccolare |
captivate, cosset, delight (sby with sth), indulge (sby with sth), pamper, pet, soothe, spoil/spoil rotten, tempt, treat (sby to sth),[switching subject and object,] luxuriate, enjoy, indulge in |
coinvolgente |
engaging, enthralling, engrossing, fascinating, absorbing, touching, appealing, involving, intriguing, exciting, seductive, alluring, tempting, inclusive, impressive |
così |
therefore, thus, thereby, so, consequently, in this way |
cultura |
philosophy, ethos, education, culture, tradition, credo, heritage |
curato nei dettagli |
carefully/accurately/meticulously/finely styled/designed/crafted, with great care, down to the last detail |
da __ a ___, da __ a __ |
from x to y, z and a, from x and y to z and a, "including" or "such as" + a whole range/vast collection/series, run the gamut |
di cui |
according to, as per, as referred to, in accordance with, under |
diversi |
miscellaneous, sundry, various, different, varying, several, a variety of, assorted, numerous, a number of |
elegante, raffinato, etc. |
refined, urbane, cultivated, cultured, educated, polite, accomplished/ posh, sophisticated, genteel, tasteful, delicate, elegant, polished, suave, chic, natty/cultivated person, refined person, stylish, graceful, smart, chic, classy, sleek, dainty, snazzy, fashionable, posh, swish |
emozionare |
excite, thrill, stirs the heart, charms, endears you, draws you in, captivates, wins you over, stir feelings of __, style that appeals and excites |
essenziale |
sleek, simple, basic, essential, unadorned, straight-forward, plain, austere, spare, clean, minimalist, humble, natural, no-frills, modest, lean, streamlined, indispensable, practical |
eventuale |
if necessary (at end of sentence), as needed, rephrase with "which may", possible, any, [ignore] |
fermo restando (che) |
without prejudice to, without changing, without affecting, whilst maintaining , subject to..., it being understood (that) |
grazie a |
due to, with, thanks to, by virtue of, with the help of , [rephrase to make the object of "grazie a" the subject, e.g., "grazie alla professionalità dei..." becomes "their professionalism..."] |
in particolare |
specifically, particularly, notably, especially, for example, in fact, [leave out] |
infatti |
because, [split sentences and drop] |
iniziativa |
program, project, scheme, venture, step, measure, action, initiative |
insomma |
in other words, in a nutshell, .... indeed!, [ignore], in practice, in effect, basically |
interlocutore |
contact, representative, interviewer, ombudsman, stockholder, colleague, companion |
interpretare |
reinterpret, interpret, express, give a new twist, take a new approach, take a different view, rethink, reinvent, envision, render, redefine, turn into, revolutionize |
intervento |
[leave out], e.g., "interventi di mantenimento", maintenance, measures, steps, actions, aid, assistance, attendance, presence, comment, remark, cut-off, drop off, help, intercession, agency, intervention, interjection, interference, operation, paper, participation, part, involvement, project, report, request to speak, speech, address, talk, to operate, work, paper, contribution, contributed paper |
massimo |
top, ultimate, utmost, highest level, optimum, optimal, best |
mostarda |
mostarda [with explanation], pickled candied fruit in a spicy syrup [di Cremona], fruit/sweet pickles [di Cremona] |
non a caso |
significantly, of course, it's no accident that, not coincidentally, tellingly, predictably, not surprisingly, rather appropriately, it was rather appropriate that, it is no mere coincidence |
novità |
new this [season], our latest developments, new [products], new additions, innovation, the latest, recent addition, recently introduced |
operativo |
operative, active, working, executive, enforceable |
operatore |
professional, specialist, trade member, operator, staff, those who operate (work), workers, experts, ancillary staff, trader, firm, user |
osservatorio |
monitoring centre, watch, observatory, observation post, window onto, watchdog, watchgroup |
prevedere |
provide for, take into account, envisage, make provision for, [turn around sentence with] planned, considered, decided, anticipate, call for, contemplate, cover, entail, foresee, include, involve, is expected to include/involve, make available, mean, require, take into account |
proposta/offerta |
product, concept, availability, available, supply, opportunities, bid, offer, submission of tender, tender, offering, donation, contribution, proposal, proposition, public issue, quotation, bargain, overture |
punto di riferimento | provides a blueprint, framework, template, guidelines, benchmark, lodestar, outstanding landmark, fiducial points, path, a stable and reliable platform, frame of reference, last word, touchstone, source of advice/information, consultant, contact, resource, standard setter, top name, ne plus ultra, embodiment, reference, landmark, cornerstone, baseline |
razionale |
appropriate, carefully-planned, suitable, sensible, practical |
realizzare |
complete, implement, put in effect, create |
realtà |
e.g., "Acme Supplies has become a force to be reckoned with ..., has firmly established itself..." |
scandire, scansione |
mark, underline, highlight, rhythms, scenes, accents |
sinergia |
in concert, duet, in chorus, cross-pollination, accord, alliance, bonding, coalition, combination, combined efforts, compatibility, concord, teamwork, working together, team spirit, working in unison |
strumenti culturali |
sophistication, cultural wherewithal, cultural baggage, cultural background, cultural influences, orientation, education |
tecnica |
technique, procedure, method |
tecnico |
technician, specialist, engineer, expert, skilled worker, authority, professional |
tra l'altro |
include, run the gamut, range, encompass, incorporate [rewording the sentence and leaving it out], actually, in fact, moreover, besides, inter alia |
unire, etc. |
unite, join, mix, combine, link, blend, merge, bring together, couple, marry, mingle, fuse, meld, gel (jell), bond, incorporate, mate, team up with, coalesce, amalgamate |
valorizzare |
to develop, to increase the value of, to increase the prestige of, enhance the status of, increase the standing of, enhance the image of, to value, (waste) to recover, set value on, enhance, harness, adding or maximizing value, realize, promote |
vantare |
enjoy, benefit from, offer + [bragging adj.], [can] take pride in, [can] claim |
vero e proprio |
actual, full-blown, full(y)-fledged, true, proper, literally, true-bred, real, absolute, authentic, authenticated, bona fide, certain, certified, complete, complete and utter, dinkum, genuine, guaranteed, in every/the true/the generally accepted sense of the word, kosher, natural, official, prize, proper, pukka, real, recognised, right, total, true, undeniable, utter, valid, veritable, positive, out-and-out, through-and-through |
2 comments
Excellent post with really helpful suggestions, written from the point of view of a translator!
Rosalba Ciancia
Hello, I've put these Peskies into a Google Doc that can be edited by all
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AkhynDHf-ncGdHRHbzlSb0NpUEJBOHZwenQ0eGU0V3c#gid=0